Here are 20 of the largest massacres carried out by German police and SS units in 1941-1942, based on historical records:
1. Babi Yar (Kiev, Ukraine)
September 29-30, 1941
33,771 Jews killed
2. Rumbula Forest (near Riga, Latvia)
November 30 & December 8-9, 1941
~25,000-28,000 Jews killed
3. Ponary (near Vilnius, Lithuania)
July 1941 - July 1944
~70,000 total killed (majority Jews)
4. Fort IX (Kaunas, Lithuania)
Fall 1941
~9,200 Jews killed in single operation, many more in subsequent actions
5. Drobitsky Yar (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
December 15, 1941 - January 1942
~16,000 Jews killed
6. Odessa, Romania/Ukraine
October 22-24, 1941
~25,000 Jews killed
7. Minsk Ghetto
November 7, 1941
~12,000 Jews killed in single action
8. Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
October 13-15, 1941
~11,000 Jews killed
9. Stanisławów (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine)
October 12, 1941
~12,000 Jews killed
10. Białystok, Poland
July 1941
~4,000-5,000 Jews killed
11. Mogilev, Belarus
October 2-3, 1941
~3,700 Jews killed
12. Vinnitsa, Ukraine
September 19, 1941
~10,000 Jews killed
13. Zhytomyr, Ukraine
September 19, 1941
~3,145 Jews killed
14. Berdychiv, Ukraine
September 15, 1941
~12,000 Jews killed
15. Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine
August 27-28, 1941
~23,600 Jews killed
16. Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
August 20-22, 1941
~3,000 Jews killed
17. Pinsk, Belarus
October 29-30, 1941
~10,000 Jews killed
18. Bobruisk, Belarus
September 7-8, 1941
~7,000 Jews killed
19. Mariupol, Ukraine
October 1941
~8,000 Jews killed
20. Brest, Belarus
October 15-16, 1941
~3,000-5,000 Jews killed
The numbers come from German police reports, eyewitness accounts, and post-war investigations. In many cases, the actual death tolls may have been higher than officially reported. The operations were typically carried out by combined forces including Einsatzgruppen, Order Police battalions, and local auxiliary units.
Rumbula is probably the most intense killing operation, nearly matching Babi Yar