Stubble wrote: ↑Thu Apr 17, 2025 7:31 pm
Mr Check, was the holocaust 'preplanned'? Or was it an 'ad hoc' operation? These ideas are mutually exclusive after all.
On the contrary, a 'preplanned' operation can well result in ad hoc improvisations
when it is implemented. Military task forces are quite typical.
'ad hoc' refers more to improvisation than whether something has been deliberately decided or not, and improvisation is typically done using ready to hand components or personnel redirected to the task at hand. 'ad hoc' doesn't necessarily mean decentralised or unauthorised.
Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France, dated back to 1942 in its conception and had a prior codename, Anvil. It was meant at some points to coincide with Operation Overlord, the cross-channel invasion of Normany, but resource constraints, mainly the availability of landing craft, prevented this. Plans and discussions of plans dated back two years, but might have been cancelled - since many plans are not implemented or become overtaken by events.
The airborne forces for Dragoon did not come under the command of an existing airborne division but mixed US and British paratroopers into the 1st Airborne Task Force. This was a classic example of an ad hoc formation and it was disbanded on 23 November 1944, having only been formed on 11 July 1944.
Organisationally, the extermination of European Jews was carried out by institutions and units which had been formed for other purposes, such as the RSHA, KL Auschwitz or the police battalions, alongside others which were improvised, such as the SS-Sonderkommandos in the Reinhardt camps. Most of it could be run through war-formed SS-Police commands. But when many were formed, e.g. SSPF Lublin in 1939, there was as yet no indication they would carry out a Final Solution of the Jewish question of the kind carried out in 1942-3 (in this region).
Another question, if you would kindly entertain it. Did the orthodox version of events truly arrive via 'some form of telepathy'?
Of course not. That is a denier caricature of a remark by Raul Hilberg on the Wannsee conference. Consensus agrees that a decision at higher level (Hitler and Himmler) had been taken before Wannsee.
The conference was a meeting of state secretaries (deputy ministers or chief civil servants) to be briefed by Heydrich, the head of the RSHA. Hilberg's 'incredible meeting of minds' remark isn't even a good interpretation of the policy differences hashed out at Wannsee, since there were two further conferences which failed to resolve some of the issues raised at Wannsee, especially the fate of Mischlinge.
Policy consensus can indeed emerge in a 'meeting of minds' way, I've seen plenty of meeting minutes from the German records where ideas were floated without a decision being taken, then the decision was implemented shortly afterwards. Or indeed where different subordinate agencies and units all come to the same conclusion at the same time independently, then everyone acts on the independently formed consensus.
In other cases the minutes of meetings don't capture the private discussions of the principals (in any bureaucracy or government), or have been edited and sanitised (as was the case with the Wannsee conference protocol).
The actual shape of the Final Solution as it was implemented across Europe from July 1942 (i.e. when western Europe was integrated, and when transports were directed to Auschwitz) was not yet clear at the time of Wannsee.
Christian Gerlach observed in 2016: “In December 1941 and January 1942 neither Himmler nor Heydrich and Eichmann had a workable plan for exterminating Europe’s Jews, and if they didn’t have one then nobody did.” .
The concept of the 'destruction of the Jewish race on Europe' was by December 1941 the intention announced by Hitler, after being repeated numerous times in 1941 as something that would happen in the event of a world war. The rhetorical slogan did not imply a precise understanding of how this might come about - it could just as easily result from deporting Jews to wastelands to starve and freeze to deaths as from shooting them or gassing them. It could involve working some Jews to death which was stated at Wannsee then carried out in various camps - but the Wannsee protocol did not mention doing so in Konzentrationslager. That was Himmler's twist, ordered a few days after Wannsee. Maybe Himmler disrupted Heydrich's fine tuned plan but that was his prerogative, he was Heydrich's superior.